This study aims to identify and analyze the various security challenges faced in modern computer networks and operating systems. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data obtained from various sources, including journal articles related to computer networks and operating systems. Journal articles on network management, protocols, security, and performance, as well as research reports and case studies that address security challenges in modern computer networks and operating systems. The results show that the main challenge in maintaining the security of networks and operating systems is increasingly sophisticated and complex cyber attacks, which often go beyond the capabilities of existing security technologies. In addition, the low level of security awareness among users is a significant factor that aggravates the situation, as many users do not follow basic security practices. The study also found that effective implementation of security policies is still an unresolved issue in many organizations. Many existing policies are not implemented consistently or are not updated according to the development of new threats. By identifying these challenges, the study makes an important contribution to the development of better strategies and policies to improve the security of networks and operating systems in the future.
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